Ransomware attack: what it is, how it works and what types there are
Ransomware causes considerable damage to companies. In such an attack, sensitive data is encrypted so that employees can no longer access it. To reverse this, a ransom is paid to the blackmailers. Here you can find out everything you need to know about ransomware attacks and how eXpurgate can protect you in such a case.
How does ransomware work?
Ransomware spreads to your device via an infected email attachment, a malicious website or a malicious add-on during a download. There it encrypts individual files (crypto-ransomware) or even the entire system (locker ransomware). In the second case, you can no longer even access your desktop.
The first shock is quickly followed by the next: you receive a ransom note. You probably receive it by email or see a message on your screen. The sender warns you that your data will be permanently lost unless you pay the requested amount within a certain period of time. The aim is to build up pressure and manipulate you.
Ransomware attacks: a growing threat in the digital world
It is now clear that Germany is becoming an increasingly popular target for ransomware attacks. Supply chains in particular are being targeted by attackers, as several companies are hit simultaneously with one attack. In addition to a general increase in ransomware attacks, the extent of damage has also risen in recent years.
Ransomware-as-a-service offers, where criminals use ransomware campaigns as an external service, are currently particularly widespread. Technical expertise and the necessary infrastructure are simply outsourced. Such offers are leading to a significant increase in ransomware attacks on companies.
Phishing or entry point
The attack often starts with phishing emails, malicious attachments, infected websites or other entry points. The attacker sends fake messages to trick the user into clicking on a link or downloading a file.
Infection
When the user opens the malicious link or executes the file, the ransomware penetrates the system. It can spread quickly and infect files and network resources.
Encryption
The ransomware encrypts files on the infected system or in the network. Strong encryption algorithms are often used, making decryption almost impossible without the correct key.
Extortionate message
Once the files have been successfully encrypted, the victim is shown an extortionate message. This message explains that the files will be encrypted and that the key must be released in exchange for a ransom.
Ransom demand
The attacker demands a ransom from the victim, usually in cryptocurrency, and gives instructions for payment. The amount can vary and payment is made via anonymous channels.
Payment (optional)
Some victims decide to pay the ransom to recover their files. However, there is no guarantee that the attacker will actually provide the key.
Data recovery
If the ransom is paid and the attacker actually provides the key, the victim can restore their encrypted files.
Notification to authorities (optional)
Victims have the opportunity to report the incident to the law enforcement authorities in order to support the investigation against the attackers.
Safety check and improvements
After a ransomware attack, the victim should conduct a comprehensive security audit to identify vulnerabilities and improve security measures to prevent future attacks.
It is important to note that ransomware attacks can have serious consequences. Paying the ransom is often not recommended as it offers no guarantee of file recovery and continues to fund the attackers. A comprehensive prevention and data backup strategy is the best protection against ransomware. Effective email security software such as eXpurgate comes first.
Recognizing a ransomware attack: What types of ransomware are there?
Ransomware can be divided into several types. The main variants are crypto ransomware and locker ransomware, but these include various sub-variants. Here you can get an overview of the most important ransomware attack examples.
Crypto-ransomware
Crypto-ransomware is the most common variant. It encrypts individual files, not the entire system. The user can therefore still use their device, but no longer has access to certain files. If they do not comply with the ransom demand, they are threatened with the deletion of the encrypted files.
Locker ransomware
With this variant, the user is completely locked out of the system. The keyboard and mouse are sometimes disabled. Often all that remains is a lock screen or a screen displaying a ransom note – usually in combination with a countdown to force the user’s hand.
Scareware
With scareware, the user receives a warning message, often in the form of a pop-up window, prompting them to download a file. However, this is ransomware that infects the system. This approach is intended to frighten and pressure the user. Warnings such as “Your IP address is publicly visible. Protect yourself from attackers now.” If the file is downloaded and opened, the ransomware penetrates the system and encrypts the files.
Leaky goods
Leakware does not threaten to destroy sensitive files, but to publish them on the internet. Organizations that work with confidential data, such as government institutions or banks, are particularly susceptible to such attacks.
Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS)
The “-as-a-Service” business model is now well known. In this case, cyber criminals can “rent” ransomware campaigns to carry out attacks. The advantage: the attackers do not need to have any prior technical knowledge or the corresponding infrastructure. The provider of such a model then receives a previously agreed share of the ransom. The RaaS model is an important reason for the increase in ransomware attacks, as there are no access barriers for carrying out an attack.
Ransomware attack what to do? Prevention and defense against ransomware
Want to learn more about effective prevention and defense against ransomware? Below we give you a brief overview of the most important measures in the fight against ransomware:
- Use a powerful & reliable email security software
- Create regular backups of your relevant data
- Be careful with attachments and links in emails and text messages – especially if you are asked to confirm or activate something
- Regularly install updates for your software and operating system (it is best to activate “Automatic updates”)
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FAQ – The most frequently asked questions
What is a ransomware attack?
In a ransomware attack, a malicious file infiltrates your system and encrypts your data. The sender asks you to pay a ransom if you want to regain access.
How does a ransomware attack work?
A ransomware attack is usually carried out by email. The email contains a malicious link or attachment. If you open this, the ransomware infiltrates your system and blocks access to your files by encrypting them.
How does ransomware make itself felt?
If you are affected by ransomware, you will be denied access to certain files or even the entire system.
What are the steps involved in a typical ransomware attack?
- Entry point
- Infection
- Encryption
- Extortion message / ransom demand
- Payment (optional)
- Data recovery
- Notification to authorities (optional)
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